CAUSES OF ACTION

FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION:

IN VIOLATION OF SPIRIT AND INTENT OF AMENDMENTS 1, 9 AND 10 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT HAVE FAILED TO RESPOND TO FOUR PETITIONS FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES

SECOND CAUSE OF ACTION:

THE INCOME TAX IS A TAX ON LABOR, PROHIBITED BY THE 13^TH AMENDMENT.

THIRD CAUSE OF ACTION:

CONGRESS LACKS THE CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY TO LEGISLATE AN INCOME TAX ON THE PEOPLE EXCEPT IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE US TERRITORIES AND IN THOSE GEOGRAPHIC AREAS WITHIN ANY OF THE 50 STATES WHERE THE STATES HAVE SPECIFICALLY AUTHORIZED IT, IN WRITING.

FOURTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

IRS IS PROHIBITED BY THE 4^TH AND 5^TH AMENDMENTS FROM COMPELLING PEOPLE TO COMPLETE, SIGN AND FILE AN INCOME TAX RETURN FORM 1040.

FIFTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

PERSONAL INCOME TAXES POLARIZE AND DIVIDE AN OTHERWISE UNITED NATION AND PROMOTE CLASS WARFARE AND MISTRUST OF OUR GOVERNMENT.

SIXTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

THE 16^TH AMENDMENT DID NOT COME CLOSE TO BEING RATIFIED BY 3/4THS OF THE STATE LEGISLATURES AS REQUIRED BY ARTICLE 5; THE INCOME TAX IS, THEREFORE, VIOLATIVE OF ART I, SECTIONS 8 AND 9.

SEVENTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE DOES NOT MAKE MOST AMERICANS LIABLE TO FILE A TAX RETURN AND PAY AN INCOME TAX.

EIGHTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE IS VOID FOR VAGUENESS.

NINTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

UNLESS ONE IS A FOREIGNER WORKING HERE OR A CITIZEN OF THE U.S.A. EARNING HIS MONEY ABROAD HE IS NOT LIABLE FOR THE INCOME TAX.

TENTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

PEOPLE ARE NOT REQUIRED TO FILE A FORM 1040 BECAUSE IT DOES NOT HAVE A VALID OMB CONTROL NUMBER AS REQUIRED BY THE PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT and ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ACT REGULATIONS.

ELEVENTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

THE IRS ROUTINELY VIOLATES 4^TH AMENDMENT DUE PROCESS PROTECTIONS OF AMERICANS BY SEIZING ASSETS WITHOUT LAWFUL AUTHORITY OR A COURT ORDER.

TWELFTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

THE IRS ROUTINELY VIOLATES CITIZENS’ DUE PROCESS RIGHTS BY WILLFULLY AND INTENTIONALLY MANIPULATING TAXPAYERS’ INDIVIDUAL MASTER FILES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CREATING TIME-BARRED ASSESSMENTS, PROVIDING FRAUDULENT CERTIFICATES OF OFFICIAL RECORDS TO THE COURT TO SUPPORT ILLEGAL ASSESSMENTS, TO SHORT PAY TAXPAYERS LEGAL INTEREST OWED BY THE GOVERNMENT, COLLECTING SOCIAL SECURITY FROM TAXPAYERS VIA LEVY IN DIRECT VIOLATION OF THE LAW, AND TO CREAT FRAUDULENT PENALTY AND INTEREST CHARGES AGAINST TAXPAYERS.

THIRTEENTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

THE IRS ROUTINELY VIOLATES ADMINISTRATIVE, STATUTORY DUE PROCESS RIGHTS.

FOURTEENTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

THE IRS ROUTINELY VIOLATES THE DUE PROCESS RIGHTS OF PEOPLE BY PREPARING A "DUMMY" TAX RETURN FOR PEOPLE IF THOSE PEOPLE DO NOT FILE A TAX RETURN.

FIFTEENTH CAUSE OF ACTION:

THE COURTS ARE BIASED AGAINST THOSE THAT QUESTION THE VALIDITY OF THE FEDERAL TAX LAWS.